The events which took place after Muḥammad’s death
brought to light numerous questions which the Qur’ān could
not answer directly. This became even more obvious after
the end of the Arab conquests and the emergence on the
subjugated territories of a new socio-cultural community. At
that period Arab-Muslim society encountered many problems
which differed considerably from those it had previously
faced. On the one hand, this gave birth to the appearance
of other sources of Muslim law, primarily the sunna,
whose significance steadily increased, and, on the other, it
fostered the emergence of numerous "metaphoric" commentaries
on the Qur’ān which drifted ever farther from the
direct meaning of the text. In effect, it has resulted in the
creation of new “Scriptures” by the followers of various
schools of thought...
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